A deed is void if which of the following?

• A. Forged
• B. Non Est Factum
• C. Illegal
• D. All of the above

Answer: (A)

The key idea here is genuine execution. A deed only has effect if it is executed by the person it is purporting to bind, with a real, voluntary transfer of rights. If the signature or the instrument itself is a forgery, there is no true consent behind the conveyance, so the deed has no legal force as a transfer of title. In other words, a forged deed is void because it never represents the true act of the person whose name appears on it.

Non est factum, meaning the signer didn’t understand what they were signing, can affect enforceability in some cases, but it doesn’t automatically render the deed void in the same fundamental way as a forgery. The other party may still have rights, and the signer’s defense is typically about avoiding liability rather than wiping out the deed’s validity for everyone. Illegality can also prevent enforcement of the transfer, but that concerns enforceability rather than creating a void deed from the outset in all situations.

So, the deed is void specifically because the document does not reflect genuine execution due to forgery.